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Born
William Crapo Durant on December 8th, 1861 in Boston Massachusetts,
Billy Durant went on to become one of the most colorful and influential
auto manufacturers ever. While still young his family moved to
Flint Michigan, where he attended public school. Never finishing
his education, at the age of sixteen he dropped out of high school
to work in his grandfather's lumberyard. Soon after he went into
business for himself building horse-drawn carriages. By 1890,
he and his partner, Josiah Dallas Dort, operated the nation's
largest carriage company, Durant-Dort Carriage, producing approximately
50,000 horse-drawn vehicles a year.
In 1904 Durant joined the struggling Buick Company
as General Manager. Three years later Buick was the leader in
U.S. automobile production. Shortly after, Durant was made Buick's
president. Durant then set his sights on developing his concept
of a huge auto manufacturing giant, which would include all the
leading auto companies in the U.S.
With a small capital investment of $2,000, Durant
incorporated General Motors of New Jersey (GM) on September 16,
1908. In less than two weeks the company issued stock that generated
over $12,000,000. General Motors then purchased Buick. Six weeks
later, GM acquired the Olds Corporation of Lansing, Michigan.
In the following months, Durant's business savvy enabled him to
acquire the troubled Oakland Company (soon to be renamed Pontiac),
Cadillac, and many parts and supply companies including AC-Delco.
In less than two years Durant had bought out many
corporations. However, this whirlwind of purchasing came at a
price. Durant had become financially overextended and lost control
of GM to banking interests in 1910. This setback did not slow
him down.
The next year, 1911, he partnered with Louis Chevrolet
to form the Chevrolet Motor Company. He then used the profits
from Chevrolet to regain control of GM in 1915. Again, Durant's
aggressive management style, which had gained him GM twice, cost
him control of GM. He resigned in 1920. Next, in 1921, he formed
Durant Motors, which lasted for a little over ten years, succumbing
to a declining market and the Great Depression in 1933. This essentially
ended Billy Durant’s career as an auto manufacturer.
Durant never regained his previous notoriety as
an industrialist or innovator. He went on to own a chain of bowling
alleys. He believed that bowling alleys were the wave of the future.
Unfortunately for Durant, they were not as successful as he hoped.
In his waning years he experimented in politics, dabbled in stocks,
and participated in social issues. William Durant died in New
York City on March 18th, 1947, the same year as Henry Ford, ending
an era.
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